abstract：:Computed tomography (CT; unenhanced, followed by contrast-enhanced examinations) is the cornerstone of imaging of adrenal tumours. Attenuation values of <10 Hounsfield units on an unenhanced CT are practically diagnostic for adenomas. When lesions cannot be characterised adequately with CT, magnetic resonance imaging ...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Ilias I,Sahdev A,Reznek RH,Grossman AB,Pacak K

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concentrations of endogenous hormones differ between women with twin and singleton births, with a possible influence on the risk of cancer. We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database, including 30,409 women with a twin birth, to examine the subsequent risks of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. R...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Ji J,Försti A,Sundquist J,Hemminki K

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selection of novel molecular markers is an important goal of cancer genomics studies. The aim of our analysis was to apply the multivariate bioinformatical tools to rank the genes - potential markers of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) according to their diagnostic usefulness. We also assessed the accuracy of benign/mal...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Fujarewicz K,Jarzab M,Eszlinger M,Krohn K,Paschke R,Oczko-Wojciechowska M,Wiench M,Kukulska A,Jarzab B,Swierniak A

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endothelin system is a family of three similar small peptides, two G-protein-coupled receptors and two proteinases. Endothelins have several physiological roles, notably in embryonic differentiation and vascular homeostasis. Numerous types of tumour express endothelins and their regulation is often aberrant when c...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Grimshaw MJ

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancers of the reproductive tract account for 12% of all malignancies in women. As previous studies have shown that oestrogen metabolites can cause apoptosis, we characterised the effect of oestrogen and oestrogen metabolites on non-cancerous and cancerous human endometrial cells. Herein, we demonstrate that 2-methoxy...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Kato S,Sadarangani A,Lange S,Villalón M,Brañes J,Brosens JJ,Owen GI,Cuello M

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated circulating chromogranin A (CgA) levels are found in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but the diagnostic usefulness of this marker is still debatable. To assess the role of CgA for the diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NETs and the identification of metastatic patients, an Italian multicenter observation...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Zatelli MC,Torta M,Leon A,Ambrosio MR,Gion M,Tomassetti P,De Braud F,Delle Fave G,Dogliotti L,degli Uberti EC,Italian CromaNet Working Group.

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreatic endocrine tumours (PETs) are rare and 'indolent' neoplasms that usually develop metastatic lesions and exhibit poor response to standard medical treatments. Few studies have investigated pathways responsible for PET cell growth and invasion and no alternative therapeutic strategies have been proposed. In a ...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Di Florio A,Capurso G,Milione M,Panzuto F,Geremia R,Delle Fave G,Sette C

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the effects of male steroid hormones (androgens) and contributes to a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. As such, the regulatory mechanisms governing AR activity are of high significance. Concerted effort has been placed on delineating the mechanisms th...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Burd CJ,Morey LM,Knudsen KE

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study analyzes the uptake and antiproliferative effect of two different chemical forms of iodine, iodide (I-) and molecular iodine (I2), in MCF-7 cells, which are inducible for the Na+/I- symporter (NIS) and positive for pendrin (PDS). The mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 was used as control. Our results show th...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Arroyo-Helguera O,Anguiano B,Delgado G,Aceves C

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have reported a high prevalence of hypothyroidism in the cutaneous melanoma population, suggesting that the pathologic hormonal environment of hypothyroidism promotes melanoma growth. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that TSH, which circulates at elevated levels in hypothyroid individuals, sti...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Ellerhorst JA,Sendi-Naderi A,Johnson MK,Cooke CP,Dang SM,Diwan AH

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia occurs in solid tumours due to a mismatch between tumour growth and angiogenesis. Hypoxia in solid tumours is associated with an aggressive phenotype and resistance to radiation therapy and chemotherapy leading to poor patient prognosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor, which is ac...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Patiar S,Harris AL

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells in the immune system with the potential to regulate the system and induce a cytotoxic T-cell response. As a proof of principle, a multitude of animal and human studies has demonstrated that immunization with antigen-loaded DCs may lead to anti-tumour ...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Schott M

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression in predicting the response to epirubicin and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients enrolled in a single institution trial of primary anthracycline and tamoxifen therapy. CAIX expression was assessed in 183 p...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Generali D,Fox SB,Berruti A,Brizzi MP,Campo L,Bonardi S,Wigfield SM,Bruzzi P,Bersiga A,Allevi G,Milani M,Aguggini S,Dogliotti L,Bottini A,Harris AL

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain members of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) family of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, such as troglitazone and ciglitazone, exhibit antitumor activities; however, the underlying mechanism remains inconclusive. Substantial evidence suggests that the antiproliferative effect...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Weng JR,Chen CY,Pinzone JJ,Ringel MD,Chen CS

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Imatinib mesylate (IM), a small molecule that is a selective inhibitor of the ABL, platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR-R) and stem cell ligand receptor (c-kit) tyrosine kinases (TK). IM was also found to inhibit the TK activity of BCR/ABL fusion protein produced in chronic myelogenous leukemia, with marked ...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Gross DJ,Munter G,Bitan M,Siegal T,Gabizon A,Weitzen R,Merimsky O,Ackerstein A,Salmon A,Sella A,Slavin S,Israel Glivec in Solid Tumors Study Group.

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulinomas are rare endocrine neoplasias that constitute the most frequent islet cell tumours. Somatostatin (SST) analogs are tentatively used to inhibit insulin secretion and control tumour growth in patients with local invasion or inoperative metastasis, but variable responses have been reported. Data regarding som...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： de Sá SV,Corrêa-Giannella ML,Machado MC,de Souza JJ,Pereira MA,Patzina RA,Siqueira SA,Machado MC,Giannella-Neto D

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A splice variant of the human gene HER2, lacking exon-16 (DeltaHER2) which encodes a small extracellular region, has been described. This altered receptor forms disulfide bond-stabilized homodimers. We report here that the DeltaHER2 splice variant represents about 9% of the HER2 mRNA obtained from most of the 46 breas...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Castiglioni F,Tagliabue E,Campiglio M,Pupa SM,Balsari A,Ménard S

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is now recognized that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is an important factor that regulates normal breast development as well as breast cancer. Genetically engineered mouse models have been used to determine the role and mechanism of TGF-beta action in normal development and diseases of the breast. Usin...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Serra R,Crowley MR

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The function of estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) in mammary tissue is not completely understood. While early observations were often conflicting, more recent data suggest an important role as a tumor-suppressor gene. A decrease of ER-beta expression has been observed in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma ...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Rody A,Holtrich U,Solbach C,Kourtis K,von Minckwitz G,Engels K,Kissler S,Gätje R,Karn T,Kaufmann M

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term culture of MCF-7 wild-type (wt) cells in steroid-depleted medium (LTED) results in hypersensitivity to oestradiol (E2) coinciding with elevated levels of ERalpha and enhanced growth factor signalling. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of the pure anti-oestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) with the competi...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Martin LA,Pancholi S,Chan CM,Farmer I,Kimberley C,Dowsett M,Johnston SR

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breast and prostate cancer are the most well-characterized cancers of the type that have their development and growth controlled by the endocrine system. These cancers are the leading causes of cancer death in women and men, respectively, in the United States. Being hormone-dependent tumors, antihormone therapies usua...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Rau KM,Kang HY,Cha TL,Miller SA,Hung MC

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of cell models and profiling of clinical breast cancer material to reveal the mechanisms of resistance to anti-oestrogen therapy, and to tamoxifen in particular, have reported that this phenomenon can be associated with increased expression and signalling through erbB Type 1 growth factor receptors, notably th...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Agrawal A,Gutteridge E,Gee JM,Nicholson RI,Robertson JF

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deprivation of estrogen causes breast tumors in women to adapt and develop enhanced sensitivity to this steroid. Accordingly, women relapsing after treatment with oophorectomy, which substantially lowers estradiol for a prolonged period, respond secondarily to aromatase inhibitors with tumor regression. We have utiliz...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Santen RJ,Song RX,Zhang Z,Kumar R,Jeng MH,Masamura A,Lawrence J Jr,Berstein L,Yue W

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic alteration is the driving force for thyroid tumorigenesis and progression, based upon which novel approaches to the management of thyroid cancer can be developed. A recent important genetic finding in thyroid cancer is the oncogenic T1799A transversion mutation of BRAF (the gene for the B-type Raf kinase, BRAF...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Xing M

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was designed to address whether simultaneous primary chemo-hormonal therapy provides additional activity compared with chemotherapy alone in breast cancer patients with operable or locally advanced disease. Between January 1997 and January 2002, 211 consecutive patients with T2-4, N0-1, M0 breast cancer wer...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Bottini A,Berruti A,Brizzi MP,Bersiga A,Generali D,Allevi G,Aguggini S,Bolsi G,Bonardi S,Tondelli B,Vana F,Tampellini M,Alquati P,Dogliotti L

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to explore the pharmacological response to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (OH-Tam) and to estradiol (E2) in three cell lines: MVLN, a human breast carcinoma cell line derived from MCF-7, and two MVLN-derived OH-Tam-resistant (OTR) cell lines, called CL6.8 and CL6.32. The OH-Tam response in the OTR cells...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Vendrell JA,Bieche I,Desmetz C,Badia E,Tozlu S,Nguyen C,Nicolas JC,Lidereau R,Cohen PA

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been proposed that knowledge of estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) expression may refine estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) predictivity of response to endocrine therapy. We challenged this hypothesis in ER-alpha-positive breast cancers subjected to preoperative antiestrogen treatment. Forty-seven elderly (> or =...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Cappelletti V,Celio L,Bajetta E,Allevi A,Longarini R,Miodini P,Villa R,Fabbri A,Mariani L,Giovanazzi R,Galante E,Greco M,Grazia Daidone M

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignant growth of small-cell lung carcinoma is promoted by various neuroendocrine autocrine/paracrine loops. Therefore, to interfere with this mitogenic process, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms involved. It is known that the oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) genes, normally transcriptionally restricted in...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Péqueux C,Keegan BP,Hagelstein MT,Geenen V,Legros JJ,North WG

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) used to detect minor changes in specific mRNA concentrations may be associated with poor reproducibility. Stringent quality control is therefore essential at each step of the protocol, including the PCR procedure. We performed inter-laboratory quali...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： de Cremoux P,Bieche I,Tran-Perennou C,Vignaud S,Boudou E,Asselain B,Lidereau R,Magdelénat H,Becette V,Sigal-Zafrani B,Spyratos F

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review is focused on mouse models for prostate cancer that have been designed on the basis of genetic alterations that are frequently found in human prostate cancer. It begins with an analysis of the similarities and differences in the gross and microscopic anatomy of the mouse and human prostate glands, and exte...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Roy-Burman P,Wu H,Powell WC,Hagenkord J,Cohen MB

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcitonin (CT) is a sensitive marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma. Normalization of early postoperative CT level is a favorable prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to establish the prognostic value of CT-level kinetics by preoperative tumor stage and postoperative elimination rate. Blood serum from 22 med...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Ismailov SI,Piulatova NR

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Papillary (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) are known as differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Nevertheless, according to the UICC/AJCC (TNM) classification PTC and FTC are frequently analyzed as one cancer. The aim of this study is to show differences in outcome and specific prognostic factors in an iodi...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Passler C,Scheuba C,Prager G,Kaczirek K,Kaserer K,Zettinig G,Niederle B

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many clinicians prefer to avoid surgery in patients with carcinoid neoplasia, because of its slow growth and relatively favourable prognosis. Nevertheless, the commonest cause of death in patients with carcinoid is advanced metastatic disease, and both clinical and epidemiological data indicate that the more effective...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Sutton R,Doran HE,Williams EM,Vora J,Vinjamuri S,Evans J,Campbell F,Raraty MG,Ghaneh P,Hartley M,Poston GJ,Neoptolemos JP

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the psychological performance and the quality of life in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, either during treatment with chronic suppressive doses of levothyroxine, or during the withdrawal of levothyroxine needed to perform whole-body scanning with radioactive iodine, with those of appropriate...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Botella-Carretero JI,Galán JM,Caballero C,Sancho J,Escobar-Morreale HF

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The central involvement of estrogen in the development of the mammary gland and in the genesis of breast cancer has lent impetus to studies of the links between estrogen action and the cell cycle machinery. Recent studies of the estrogenic regulation of molecules with known roles in the control of G1/S phase progressi...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Doisneau-Sixou SF,Sergio CM,Carroll JS,Hui R,Musgrove EA,Sutherland RL

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately 80% of human ovarian and endometrial cancers and 50% of breast cancers express GnRH and its receptor as part of an autocrine regulatory system. After binding of its ligand the tumor GnRH receptor couples to G-protein alphai and activates a variety of intracellular signaling mechanisms. (1) Through activa...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Emons G,Gründker C,Günthert AR,Westphalen S,Kavanagh J,Verschraegen C

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to chemotherapy is a critical issue in the management of breast cancer patients. The nature of clinical drug resistance is likely to be multifactorial. However, in the last decade considerable attention has been dedicated to the role played by membrane transporter proteins belonging to the ATP binding casse...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Leonessa F,Clarke R

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the case of an 8-year-old child who presented with severe hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia due to a pancreatic islet cell adenoma. In vivo, there was no beneficial response to the hyperglycaemia-inducing agent diazoxide and as a consequence the child underwent a subtotal pancreatectomy. In vitro studies of ad...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Hussain K,Cosgrove KE,Shepherd RM,Chapman JC,Swift SM,Smith VV,Kassem SA,Glaser B,Lindley KJ,Aynsley-Green A,Dunne MJ

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past years there have been significant advances in breast cancer treatment and early detection. For the first time, a decrease in cancer mortality has been observed. Recently, much progress has been made in the understanding of carcinogenesis partly due to available new technologies to detect early molecular ...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Arun B,Hortobagyi GN

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormonal therapy leads to improved survival in oestrogen receptor (ER) positive early breast cancer and long-term responses in advanced disease. However, resistance to such therapy is a serious clinical problem. This article considers the data for and against there being a significant role for the oncogene HER-2 in su...

journal_title：Endocrine-related cancer

authors： Dowsett M

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00